Vocational Education 4.0 for Future Skills
Keywords:
Vocational Education, Future Skills, Job, Market
Abstract
Globalization, demographic shifts, and technological advancements are key drivers of contemporary change, shaping the trajectory of the world ahead. This rapid change brings with it uncertainty and imposes pressures on financial, environmental, and social fronts. To navigate this evolving landscape, both the realms of work and education must transform uncertainty into opportunity, complexity into clarity, and problems into potential. This necessitates a redefinition of essential skills for the future, with a focus on continuous education and training systems to equip the workforce with the necessary competencies. While educational institutions have endeavored to incorporate new skill sets into their programs, there remains a gap between graduate competencies and the demands of the workforce. The skills required in the future differ significantly from those of previous generations, presenting challenges in anticipating the needs of tomorrow's graduates and the evolving job market.
References
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[4] Shavit, Yossi and Walter Müller. (1998). From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[5] di Gropello, Emanuela, with Aurelien Kruse and Prateek Tandon. (2011). Skills for the Labor Market in Indonesia: Trends in Demand, Gaps, and Supply. Washington, DC: World Bank.
[6] Kuncoro, Ari. 2018. ‘Trends in the Manufacturing Sector under the Jokowi Presidency: Lega cies of Past Administrations’. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, Vol. 35 (3): 402–24.
[7] Suharno, Nugroho Agung Pambudi and Budi Harjanto. (2020). Vocational Education in Indonesia: History, Development, Opportunities, and Challenges. Children and Youth Service Review, Vol. 115, 105092.
[8] Sri Mulyani Indrawati & Ari Kuncoro. (2021). Improving Competitiveness Through Vocational and Higher Education: Indonesia’s Vision For Human Capital Development In 2019–2024. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57:1, 29-59. DOI:10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692
[9] OECD (2018), The Future of Education and Skills: Education 2030. Position paper, http://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20(05.04.2018).pdf.
[10] International Labour Organization (ILO), Greater investment in care could create almost 300 million jobs [Press release], 7 March 2022, https://www.ilo.org/ global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/ WCMS_838469/lang--en/index.htm.
[11] Morandini, S., Fraboni, F., De Angelis, M., Puzzo, G., Giusino, D., & Pietrantoni, L. (2023). The impact of artificial intelligence on workers’ skills: Upskilling and reskilling in organisations. Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 26, 39-68. https://doi.org/10.28945/5078
[12] Raa, S., Shresthaa,U., Khatiwadab, S., Kwo, S.W.Y.K. (2019). he rise of technology and impact on skills. International Journal of Training Research 2019. , Vol. 17, No. S1, 26–40 https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2019.1629727
[13] World Economic Forum (2023). Putting Skills First: A Framework for Action 2023- Insight Report May 2023. http://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/upskilling/first-skills-report/report/WEF_CNES_Putting_Skills_First.pdf
[14] World Economic Forum (2023) “Defining Education 4.0: A Taxonomy for the Future of Learning. http://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Defining_Education_4.0_2023.pdf
[15] Williams, K.M., Wang, T., Holtzman, S., Leung, T.M., Cherfrere, G. and Ling, G. (2023), Employer Expectations of 21st-Century High School Graduates: Analyzing Online Job Advertisements. ETS Research Report Series, 2023: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12365
[16] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2021) “Beyond Academic Learning: First Results from the Survey of Social and Emotional Skills”, https://doi.org/10.1787/92a11084-en.
[17] Zhao, Yiran Vicky and Jenny Louise Gibson, “Evidence for Protective Effects of Peer Play in the Early Years: Better Peer Play Ability at Age 3 Years Predicts Lower Risks of Externalising and Internalising Problems at Age 7 Years in a Longitudinal Cohort Analysis”, Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2022, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578- 022-01368-x.
[18] Hildebrand, David, “John Dewey”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), https://plato.stanford. edu/archives/win2021/entries/dewey/.
[19] OECD, “Core Foundations for 2030: Future of Education and Skills 2030 Concept Note”, 2019.
[20] Wrahatnolo, T. (2019). Students’s Employability skills of Vocational High Schools in East Java. Unpublished dissertation. Surabaya: Post-graduate of the State University of Surabaya.
