Universal Solution of Medieval Spherical Astronomy
(Mamluks, Egypt & Syria)
Keywords:
Universal Solution, Spherical Astronomy, Middle Ages, (Mamluks, Egypt & Syria)
Abstract
Spherical astronomy is a part of astronomy that figures of the sky as a sphere. It concerns the study of astronomical coordinate frames, the direction and apparent motion of celestial bodies, the determination of positions from astronomical observations, and the errors that can occur in observations. Spherical astronomy makes it easier for humans to determine the direction and position of celestial bodies relative to observers on Earth. In the history of human civilization, spherical astronomy has been the solution to determining the time of worship for medieval Muslims. Especially during the glory days of the Mamluks, Egypt and Syria. This article was written based on literature research with qualitative method as an approach. Then the collecting data was carried out by the documentation method on various notes, books, transcripts and images could be found. Then the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this research show that Egyptian and Syrian astronomers during Mamluk reign (between the 13th-15th centuries) made a major contribution to the progress and development of science, especially in astronomy. Both the preparation of astronomical tables and various astronomical tools or instruments they designed.
References
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Abbud, Fuad. "The Planetary Theory of Ibn al-Shatir: Reduction of the Geometric Models to Numerical Tables", (December 1962). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/349635 (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.39)
Charette, François. "Marrākushī: Sharaf al‐Dīn Abū ʿAlī al‐Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al‐Marrākushī", (2007), https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Marrakushi_BEA.htm, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 11.11)
Freely, John. Light from the East: How The Science Of Medieval Islam Helped To Shape The Western World, (2015).
Green, Robin M. Spherical Astronomy, (London: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
Karttunen, Hannu., Pekka Kröger, Heikki Oja, Markku Poutanen & Karl Johan Donner, Spherical Astronomy, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-11794-1_2 (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 20.53)
King, David A. A Survey Of The Scientific Manuscripts In The Egyptian National Library. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; The American Research Center in Egypt, 1986. 66 (C43). https://www.academia.edu/34696617/078__KING_1986_BOOK__A_Survey_of_Scientific_Manuscripts_in_the_Egyptian_National_Library_poor_copy_.pdf (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 20.08)
King, David A. "Al-Khalili's Auxiliary Tables For Solving Problems Of Spherical Astronomy", Journal for the History of Astronomy 4(2), (1973), 99-110. https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1973JHA.....4...99K (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.50)
King, David A. "Al-Khalili's qibla table", Journal of Near-Eastern Studies 34(2), 1975, 81-122.
King, David A. "Astronomical Instruments in the Islamic World". Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. (2008). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=kt9DIY1g9HYC&pg=PA275&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 11.29)
King, David A. "Ibn al‐Shāṭir: ʿAlāʾ al‐Dīn ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm" (2007). Dalam Thomas Hockey; et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. (New York: Springer, tth) 569–570. https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_al-Shatir_BEA.pdf (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.40)
King, David A. Astronomy in the Servis of Islam, (London: Varioum, tth)
King, David A. Islamic Mathematical Astronomy.
King, David A. The Astronomy of the Mamluks, https://www.academia.edu/34682289/061_KING_1983_The_astronomy_of_the_Mamluks_pdf (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.36)
King, David A. Universal Solutions To Problems Of Spherical Astronomy From Mamluk Syiria and Egypt https://www.academia.edu/42928416/KING_2004_Universal_solutions_in_Islamic_astronomy, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.27)
M., Rogers, J. The arts of Islam: treasures from the Nasser D. Khalili collection (Revised and expanded ed.). (Abu Dhabi: Tourism Development & Investment Company (TDIC), 2008).
Pérez, Azucena Hernández. "Art and Science in al-Andalus in the Late Medieval Mediterranean Cultures: Almohad, Nasrid and Ayyubid Astrolabes and their Contexts", In Marcos Cobaleda, María (ed.). Artistic and Cultural Dialogues in the Late Medieval Mediterranean, (2021).
Roberts,Victor. "The Planetary Theory of Ibn al-Shatir: Latitudes of the Planets", (1966). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/350114, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.39)
Schmeidler, F. Fundamentals of Spherical Astronomy, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-45688-6_2 (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 20.45)
Smart, W.M. Text-Book on Spherical astronomy, (London: Cambridge University Press, 1949).
tp, Mathematical Instrumentation in Fourteenth‐Century Egypt and Syria: The Illustrated Treatise of Najm al‐Dīn al‐Misrī. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, (2003).
Sumber Website
Atilla Bir, Saliha Bütün, Mustafa Kaçar, Âdem Akın, “The Production Guide for the Zarqaliyya (Universal Astrolabe) in the Work of Abu al-Hasan al-Marrakushi” https://nazariyat.org/en/issues/cilt-6-sayi-1/ebu-ali-el-hasan-merrakusinin-eserinde-zerkaliyye-evrensel-disk-yapim-kilavuzu, (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 23.33)
Butar-Butar, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi. “Kontribusi Peradaban Islam di Bidang Literatur Astronomi”, http://museumastronomi.com/kontribusi-peradaban-islam-di-bidang-literatur-astronomi/ (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 19.59)
Dictionary by Merriam – Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spherical%20astronomy (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 20.49)
https://artsandculture.googl.com/entity/abu-ali-al-hasan-al-marrakushi/m0cz8dzx?hl=en (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 21.29)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Abd_al-%27Aziz_al-Wafa%27i (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 19.59)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_astronomy (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 21.05)
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syamsuddin_al-Khalili (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 19.50)
https://ismi.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/person/485157 (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 20.09)
https://ismi.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/text/485220 (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 20.20)
https://sites.google.com/site/historyofeastafrica/najm-al-din-al-misr, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.22)
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/spherical-astronomy (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 21.13)
Nur Hidayatullah, Syekh Yasin Al-Fadani dan Ilmu Falak (1): Kesungguhan Syekh Yasin Mempelajari Ilmu Falak, Alif.Id (Blog Berkeislaman Dalam Kebudayaan), Rabu,16 Februari 2022, https://alif.id/read/nur-hidayatullah/syekh-yasin-al-fadani-dan-ilmu-falak-1-kesungguhan-syekh-yasin-mempelajari-ilmu-falak-b242047p/ (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 19.59)
Rankin, Alan. “What Is Spherical Astronomy” https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-spherical-astronomy.htm (Diakses pada 16 November 2022, Pukul 20.59)
Thomas Hockey et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer Reference https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Najm_al-Din_al-Misri_BEA.htm, (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 12.09)
Thomas Hockey et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer Reference. https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Abi_al-Fath_al-Sufi_BEA.htm (Diakses pada 17 November 2022, Pukul 20.424)
Published
2023-10-06
How to Cite
Inayah, M., & Izzuddin, A. (2023). Universal Solution of Medieval Spherical Astronomy: (Mamluks, Egypt & Syria). ULMINASI: ournal of alak and haria, 1(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.22373/kulminasi.v1i2.4173
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Articles
